Botany 120 Biome and genetics review

Genetics

1. How is a phenotype different from a genotype?

2. How is the law of segregation different from the law

of independent assortment?

3. What is an allele?

4. If a pair of alleles are the same we call this

genotype _____,and if the alleles are different

the genotype is called _____.

5. In four o'clock flowers, the petal color is either red,

pink, or white. How do you think flower color

is inherited and why?

6. A gene that is only expressed if it is in the homozygous

condition must be a ______ gene.

7. In a certain species of flower there are two petal colors,

blue or red.If two blue flowered plants are crossed,

the offspring are always blue.If two red plants are crossed,

sometimes only red flowering plants are produced, while

other times both red and blue flowering plants are

produced. If a red plant and blue plant are crossed,

sometimes the offspring are all red, while other

times both red and blue offspring

are produced. Which color is dominant?

8. A plant that breeds true for tall is crossed with one that

breeds true for short. All of the offspring in the F-1 are tall.

The F-1 generation is allowed to self-fertilize, and the

F-2 are 3/4 tall and 1/4 short.

a. which allele is dominant, the one for tallness or shortness?

b. what is the genotype of an F-1 individual?

c. what are the genotypes of the parental generation?

9. In peas, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p),

and yellow seeds are dominant (Y) to green(y). If two plants

heterozygous for both traits are crossed, what proportion

of the offspring will have purple flowers and

produce green seeds?

10. Which of the following are homozygous

genotypes?

a. AABb

b. aabb

c. AaBb

d. aaBB

e. Aabb

Biomes

1. What are two important factors in determining what

type of Biome one will find in a given area?

2. What causes the seasons here in North America?

3. What are three strategies plants have developed to survive

in the cold dry,and sometimes dark conditions of the Tundra?

4. What is a rain shadow, and how does it account for different

plant communities occurring at the same latitude, but on

opposites sides of a mountain range?

5. In what biomes does fire play an important role, and

what is this role?

6. To what kind of environmental stresses are the plants

in the chaparral adapted?

7. How is a deciduous forest different from a coniferous

forest, other than the types of trees found in each?

8. Why don't grasslands become forests?

9. What is the one thing all deserts have in common?

Genetics and Evolution Review Bio 120

1. How do biologists define evolution?

2. What is a population?

3. What islands were important to Charles Darwin's thinking on evolution?

4. Biogeography is how living things are distributed around the world. How was Darwin surprised by the the biogeography he observed on his trip around the world?

5. While fossils support the theory of evolution, we can't rely on the fossil record ever being complete. Why?

6. How does the existence of fossils support the theory of evolution?

7. How did LaMarck explain inheritance?

8. What was the hypothesis of catastrophism?

9. While the theory of evolution does not indicate humans came from chimps, it does indicate a _________________________ between chimps and humans.

10. Upon what observations did Darwin base his theory of evolution by natural selection?

11. What must occur for a new species to evolve?

12. What isolating mechanisms help maintain a species as a distinct group?

13. Describe how allopatric speciation could happen.

14. What is usually involved in sympatric speciation?

15. How is stabilizing selection different from directional selection?

16. Is their a plan to evolution?

17. What mechanisms of evolution can lead to less genetic diversity in a population?

18. What is a gene pool?

19. Who was Alfred Wallace and why is he an important figure in the history of the theory of evolution?

20. What is the source of all new genes in a population?

21. What mechanism of evolution keeps separate populations from being isolated?

Genetics

1. How is a phenotype different from a genotype?

2. How is the law of segregation different from the law of independent assortment?

3. What is an allele?

4. If a pair of alleles are the same we call this genotype _____, and if the alleles are different the genotype is called _____.

5. PKU is a recessive disorder. If "dad" has PKU , and "mom" is homozygous dominant, what is the chance a child will have PKU?

6. In four o'clock flowers, the petal color is either red, pink, or white. How do you think flower color is inherited and why?

7. Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder. If mom carries the gene, and dad is normal, what is the chance the couple's daughter will be a carrier? What is the chance the daughter will have hemophilia?

What is the chance their son will have hemophilia?

8. Mom has O blood, and Dad has AB. They have a child with B blood. Is this possible?

9. There are three alleles present in the population for blood type. This is called _____________

10. A gene that is only expressed if it is in the homozygous condition must be a ______ gene.

I1. In a certain species of flower there are two petal colors, blue or red. If two blue flowered plants are crossed, the offspring are always blue. If two red plants are crossed, sometimes only red flowering plants are produced, while other times both red and blue flowering plants are produced. If a red plant and blue plant are crossed, sometimes the offspring are all red, while other times both red and blue offspring are produced. Which color is dominant?

Nesting season in the desert

I was out at Joshua Tree National Monument, and the Morongo Valley Preserve this weekend. Lot's of nesting birds around including these:

Young red-tailed hawk looks down at a visitor.

Stretching the wings, and building up the flight muscles. This hawk won't leave the nest until it is as big as its parents.

Great-horned owl chick still in its fluffy down feathers.

Botany review photosynthesis and cell respiration

1. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and which is more efficient?

2. What are NAD+ and FAD used for?

3. What are the three steps in aerobic respiration, and where does each occur?

4. During which step of cellular respiration is the most ATP made?

5. During aerobic respiration, how many ATPs are made from one molecule of glucose in most cells?

6. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

7. Describe how the ATP is made during chemiosmosis

8. What is produced by your muscle cells if there is not enough oxygen available at the end of glycolysis for aerobic respiration to continue?

9. Yeasts do a kind of anaerobic respiration called ____________, and produce ___________ and _________ along with 2 ATP

10. What are the important end products of the Citric Acid Cycle, and what happens to each of these products?



Here are the photosynthesis questions for review:

1. Which colors of light are most strongly absorbed by chlorophyll?
2. How is oxygen released during photosynthesis?
3. Why is water needed in photosynthesis?
4. What are the products of the light dependent reactions?
5. What is made in the light independent reactions?
6. What is the role of RUBP in photosynthesis?
7. What kind of plants use PEP and what advantage does it give them?
8. How are CAM plants different from others in the way they do photosynthesis?
9. What kind of organisms can do photosynthesis?
10. Where inside the chloroplast do the light dependent reactions happen?