Genetics and Evolution Review Bio 120

1. How do biologists define evolution?

2. What is a population?

3. What islands were important to Charles Darwin's thinking on evolution?

4. Biogeography is how living things are distributed around the world. How was Darwin surprised by the the biogeography he observed on his trip around the world?

5. While fossils support the theory of evolution, we can't rely on the fossil record ever being complete. Why?

6. How does the existence of fossils support the theory of evolution?

7. How did LaMarck explain inheritance?

8. What was the hypothesis of catastrophism?

9. While the theory of evolution does not indicate humans came from chimps, it does indicate a _________________________ between chimps and humans.

10. Upon what observations did Darwin base his theory of evolution by natural selection?

11. What must occur for a new species to evolve?

12. What isolating mechanisms help maintain a species as a distinct group?

13. Describe how allopatric speciation could happen.

14. What is usually involved in sympatric speciation?

15. How is stabilizing selection different from directional selection?

16. Is their a plan to evolution?

17. What mechanisms of evolution can lead to less genetic diversity in a population?

18. What is a gene pool?

19. Who was Alfred Wallace and why is he an important figure in the history of the theory of evolution?

20. What is the source of all new genes in a population?

21. What mechanism of evolution keeps separate populations from being isolated?

Genetics

1. How is a phenotype different from a genotype?

2. How is the law of segregation different from the law of independent assortment?

3. What is an allele?

4. If a pair of alleles are the same we call this genotype _____, and if the alleles are different the genotype is called _____.

5. PKU is a recessive disorder. If "dad" has PKU , and "mom" is homozygous dominant, what is the chance a child will have PKU?

6. In four o'clock flowers, the petal color is either red, pink, or white. How do you think flower color is inherited and why?

7. Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder. If mom carries the gene, and dad is normal, what is the chance the couple's daughter will be a carrier? What is the chance the daughter will have hemophilia?

What is the chance their son will have hemophilia?

8. Mom has O blood, and Dad has AB. They have a child with B blood. Is this possible?

9. There are three alleles present in the population for blood type. This is called _____________

10. A gene that is only expressed if it is in the homozygous condition must be a ______ gene.

I1. In a certain species of flower there are two petal colors, blue or red. If two blue flowered plants are crossed, the offspring are always blue. If two red plants are crossed, sometimes only red flowering plants are produced, while other times both red and blue flowering plants are produced. If a red plant and blue plant are crossed, sometimes the offspring are all red, while other times both red and blue offspring are produced. Which color is dominant?

All the Review Questions for Final

Here they are folks, all the questions we discussed in class.

1. What are three strategies plants have developed to survive in the cold dry, and sometimes dark conditions of the Tundra?


2. In what biomes does fire play an important role, and what is this role?

3. How is a parasite different from a parasitoid?


4. How is a parasite different from a predator?



5. In pea plants purple flower color (P) is dominant to white (p). If a plant heterozygous for purple flowers is crossed with a plant with white flowers, what proportion of the offspring will have white flowers?


6. What are common strategies predators use to capture prey, and common defenses found in prey?



7. Colorblindness is an X linked recessive trait. Susan carries the gene for colorblindness, and her husband is not colorblind. What is the chance they will have a colorblind son? What is the chance they will have a daughter who is colorblind?

8. What are two important factors in determining what type of Biome one will find in a given area?












9. What causes the seasons here in North America?


10. What is a rain shadow, and how does it account for different plant communities occurring at the same latitude, but on opposites sides of a mountain range?



11. What word (or phrase) describes each of the following genotypes? TT Tt tt

12. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?



13. Coevolution happens also between parasites and their hosts. Why is this not surprising?



14. Two normal parents have a child with a recessive disorder. What are the genotypes of each parent?


15. To what kind of environmental stresses are the plants and animals in the chaparral adapted?

16. How is a deciduous forest different from a coniferous forest, other than the types of trees found in each?


17. Why are there fewer members of the upper trophic levels as compared with primary consumers or the producers?

18. Why don't grasslands become forests?

19. What is the one thing all deserts have in common?

20. Dad has AB blood, and mom has O blood. What are the possible blood types of their children?
21. Define resource partitioning and give an example of it.

22. What kind of adaptations have animals developed to survive in:
A. The tundra
B. The deserts
C. Coniferous forests

23. Why is it that the evolution of a predator would affect the evolution of its prey?


24. In one species of flowering plants there is some diversity in flower color. Some plants have blue flowers, some have red, and others have purple flowers. What type of inheritance do you suspect controls this trait, and why?


25. Define and give examples of the following: Mutualism, Commensalism, social parasite.

26. Draw a food web that could occur in your backyard or here at Cerritos. Include all the trophic levels we discussed in class.



27. Which of Mendel's laws addresses homologous chromosomes separating from each other during meiosis?


28. In mice dark fur (D) is dominant to light fur (d) and short fur (S) is dominant to long fur (s). If two mice heterozygous for both traits are crossed, what proportion of the offspring would you expect to have dark short fur?